Back to Air in Disarray?: Disparity in Practices and Interpretations on ADIZs Disrupting the Safety of Civil Aviation

The interconnectivity of civil aviation has been long praised with the success International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in harmonizing navigation standards and procedures, along utilization Flight Information Regions (FIRs). However, continuing geopolitical tensions different implementations Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs) have belittled technical achievement. Among State practices, some ADIZs expanded beyond territorial airspace even overlapped other FIRs, requiring overflying air- craft to submit flight plans abide by procedures separate or addition air traffic control obligations. purpose this Article is review ongoing political that are common issues explore legal schemes put forth States. While there no prevailing rule law defines scope procedure ADIZs, further revisits due regard principle under international practices airspace. Due its reciprocal characteristic, does not solely advocate for coastal arbitrarily limitations on freedom Rather, established FIRs already given considerable certainty accountability overflown State, where also directs both States actively engage communication involving liaisons. This envisions regional confidence-building measures aerial leadership ICAO support these reducing relational gap facilitating civil–military cooperation.